IMAGES-

Governor-General of Warsaw Hans Hartwig von Beseler (1st left) with Governor-General of Lublin Karl Kuk [de] (2nd left) in Lublin, 1916 (no date). LUBLIN.

THE IRON CURTAIN (no date). https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3h9mnb/revision/7.

Map of Eastern Europe

 

Soviet Union Flag (no date). https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/hammer-sickle-communism-soviet-symbol-why/.

English: A cropped image of Joseph Stalin during the Tehran Conference. In the full photo he is sitting beside Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill on the portico of the Russian Embassy. (1943).

On March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill received an honorary degree from Westminster College in Missouri and delivered his famous “iron curtain” speech, announcing that an “iron curtain” was now dividing Europe between communist controlled and free countries. President Truman  (on right) traveled with Churchill to the ceremony. (no date). https://www.austria1989.org/1945.

US FLAG (no date). https://stories.state.gov/most-american-thing/.

INFORMATION-

Primary

U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, The Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1955.

Churchill, Winston S. The Second World War. Vol. 6, Triumph and Tragedy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953.

"Protocol of the Proceedings of the Crimea Conference." February 11, 1945. In The International Conferences of the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945, edited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1984.

Secondary

Preston, Diana. Eight Days at Yalta: How Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin Shaped the Post-War World. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2019.

Dobbs, Michael. Six Months in 1945: FDR, Stalin, Churchill, and Truman—From World War to Cold War. New York: Vintage Books, 2013.

Wilson Center Archive, n.d. Cold War International History Project: Yalta Conference Collection. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Available at: https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org [Accessed 21 June 2026].

U.S. Department of State, 1955. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, The Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945Malta [Accessed 21 June 2026].